Geotechnical engineers utilize a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and performance of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various factors, such as geological formations, erosion, or human activities. Employing a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysical surve
Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical integrity. Accurately locating these voids is fundamental for ensuring the safety of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground electrical resistiv
Geotechnical exploration techniques are vital for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These voids can significantly influence the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of in situ exploration methods are employed to identify cavities and voids. These include drilling, geophysical techniques such as groun
Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral concentration. These geophysical techniques often involve the observation